Guide

Employer Reprisals in Quebec: Prohibited-Practice Complaint

Recognize discipline tied to exercising a right, preserve the timeline and act before the usual 45-day deadline.

The deadline can be very short. The CNESST states that a prohibited-practice complaint generally must be filed within 45 days after dismissal or discipline. A 90-day period applies in certain forced-retirement cases. Do not wait for an internal investigation to finish before checking your recourse.

What is a prohibited practice?

It can involve dismissal, suspension, transfer, reprisals, discriminatory measures or another sanction imposed because a worker exercised a protected right. The exact reason matters: a workplace conflict or unfair dismissal is not automatically a prohibited practice.

Build the timeline

Record when the right was exercised, who was notified, the employer's response and every schedule, duty or treatment change. Keep the dismissal letter, discipline, schedules, pay records, email, messages, policies and witness names.

File before every document is collected

Check eligibility with the CNESST and file within the applicable deadline. Identify the protected right and the sanction clearly. Keep the filing confirmation and provide requested documents afterward. A union grievance or another complaint has separate rules; notify the union promptly.

Distinguish the recourses

Unpaid wages, harassment, dismissal without good and sufficient cause and occupational injury each follow different tests and deadlines. Ask the CNESST which route matches the facts instead of selecting a single form at random.

Prohibited-practice complaint — CNESST (French)

Version française →

Official sources are linked in the guide. Reviewed August 29, 2026; confirm current instructions and deadlines with the responsible authority.
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